Aluminium is a chemical element grouped under the boron group. It is also spelt as aluminium and its chemical symbol is Al while the atomic number is 13. Physical properties include silvery color, softness, and considerable ductility. Aluminium has high abundance in terms of the composition of the crust of the earth and it comes third after oxygen and silicon. Aluminum in NJ does not occur in its native form because it is highly reactive.
Under natural circumstances, the ore is found in combination with over 270 other minerals. The primary ore is bauxite. The most remarkable properties of the element are the low density and high resistance to corrosion. The low density is very important in making aircrafts and structural materials. Rusting is not a problem in this element making it very useful in many industries.
There are several ways of producing aluminium in NJ. The most used method is called the Hall-Heroult process. Other techniques include indirect carbothermic reduction and electrolytic smelting of alumina. Indirect carbothermic reduction has proved effective, but it is still under development. It consumes less power and generates less Carbon monoxide gas in comparison to Hall-Heroult process.
Hall-Heroult process entails alumina being dissolved into molten cryolite with calcium fluoride to form a compound. After fully dissolving, free aluminium ions are discharged into the molten electrolyte. Electrolytic mechanisms are then applied to reduce the compound into aluminium metal. This reduction process can only happen if the temperatures are kept in the 950 to 980 degrees Centigrade temperature range. The free aluminium ions undergo reduction process to deposit the metal at the bed. Wohler process was replaced by Hall-Heroult process. In Wohler process anhydrous aluminum chloride was reduced into aluminum using potassium metal.
This method requires large amounts of energy, but its use cannot be abandoned because it provides the most ecologically and economically viable option. The metal can be recycled up to one hundred percent and its properties do not get lost upon recycling. The increased production of beverage cans in NJ in late 1960s made recycling a very important activity. Recycling entails melting scrap to create pure metal and an ash-like deposit called dross. With further processing the element can be derived from dross.
The recycled metal is referred to as secondary aluminum even though it has the same properties and applications as the primary one. The metal is mostly used as an alloy with other substances because this enhances its mechanical properties. Main substances used in the alloys are copper, magnesium, silicon, zinc, and manganese. Major uses include production of transport vessels like aircrafts, trucks, railway cars, and marine vessels.
Other applications are in industries like packaging, construction, household items, lighting, engineering, insulation, electronics, and power distribution among others. Hydrogen gas can also be produced by reacting the metal with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The powdered form is also an important additive in paints, thermite, and solid rocket fuels. Some countries issue currencies that are products of aluminium or its alloys.
Studies do not reveal any serious health concerns related with the element. However, if consumed in large amounts, it may cause neurotoxicity and other conditions. Some people are also allergic and may experience digestive disorders, contact dermatitis, and vomiting when they come in contact with it.
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